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The United States and the concept of Europe's Defense
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The United States and the concept of Europe's Defense
Annotation
PII
S207054760019831-1-
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Oleg Prikhodko 
ORCID: 0000-0001-9764-4096
Occupation: Leading research fellow
Affiliation: Institute for the U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Edition
Issue 2
Abstract

The article deals with a range of security and defense issues that are at the forefront of the transatlantic debate. The Unites States was a key actor in shaping plans to set up Europe's defense in the post-war period. The debate on a “European defense” has considerably evolved since the late 1940s, so has the U.S. attitude. The dispute heated up in recent years with the U.S. strategic priorities shifting towards the Indo-Pacific, degrading security situation in Europe, and a “strategic autonomy” concept mooted within the EU. The controversies over European defense capabilities have revealed contrasting views on the subject. By examining the arguments of proponents and opponents of making Europe a self-sufficient player in defense area, the author figured out reasons explaining why it is hard to reconcile overlapping interests of the United States as the main security guarantor in NATO with the European Union’s ambitious, although ambiguous, intention of driving towards a strategic autonomy. 

Keywords
United States, NATO, EU, European defense
Received
01.03.2022
Date of publication
22.04.2022
Number of purchasers
11
Views
851
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S207054760019831-1-1 Дата внесения правок в статью - 20.04.2022
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References

1. Speech by Robert Schuman at the Council of Europe (Strasbourg, 10 December 1951). Available at: https://www.cvce.eu/en/collections/unit-content/-/unit/02bb76df-d066-4c08-a58a-d4686a3e68ff/6550430e-98c0-4441-8a60-ec7c001c357b/Resources#91573e99-1c69-40d5-867e-19e3d706d167_en&overlay (accessed 23.01.2022).

2. Ibidem.

3. Report Presented to Secretary of State Acheson, Foreign Secretary Eden, and Foreign Minister Schuman. 396.1 LO/2–1852. Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v05p1/d55 (accessed 17.02.2022).

4. Ibidem.

5. Paper Agreed Upon by Secretary of State Acheson, Foreign Secretary Eden, Foreign Minister Schuman, and Chancellor Adenauer. 396.1 LO/2–1952. Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v05p1/d58 (accessed 12.02.2022).

6. Ibidem.

7. Communiqué Issued by the Foreign Ministers of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France and the Chancellor of the German Federal Republic. 19th February 1952. 740.5/2–1952. Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v05p1/d60 (accessed 21.01.2022).

8. Treaty instituting the European Defence Community (Paris, 27 May 1952). Available at: https://www.cvce.eu/en/recherche/unit-content/-/unit/b9fe3d6d-e79c-495e-856d-9729144d2cbd/d950eb8f-aad6-463a-a67f-030cc9d03ded/Resources#2af9ea94-7798-4434-867a-36c4a256d0af_en&overlay (accessed 02.02.2022).

9. The Secretary of State to the Acting Secretary of State. 306.1 LO/2–1852: Telegram. Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v05p1/d57 (accessed 22.02.2022).

10. Report Presented to Secretary of State Acheson, Foreign Secretary Eden, and Foreign Minister Schuman. 396.1 LO/2–1852. Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v05p1/d55 (accessed 02.02.2022).

11. The Messina Declaration. 3 June 1955. Available at: https://http://www.internationaldemocracywatch.org/attachments/296_The%20Messina%20Declaration%201955.pdf (accessed 21.01.2022).

12. Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty on European Union, the treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/treaty/pdf/amst-en.pdf (accessed 12.02.2022).

13. Speech by President Jean-Claude Juncker at the Defence and Security Conference Prague: In defence of Europe. 9 June 2017. Prague. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_17_1581 (accessed 29.01.2021).

14. D. Barrie et al. Defending Europe: Scenario-based Capability Requirements for NATO’s European Members. IISS Research Paper. April 2019. Available at: https://www.iiss.org/blogs/research-paper/2019/05/defending-europe (accessed 22.02.2022).

15. Barry R. Posen. Europe Can Defend Itself // Survival. December 2020 – January 2021. Vol. 62. № 6, pp. 7-8.

16. F. Heisbourg. Europe Can Afford the Cost of Autonomy // Survival. February –March 2021. Vol. 63. № 1. P. 27.

17. Ibid., p. 25.

18. SIPRI Yearbook 2021. Available at: https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780192847577/sipri-9780192847577-chapter-010-div1-055.xml (accessed 17.02.2022).

19. D. Barrie et al. Europe’s Defence Requires Offence // Survival. February – March 2021. Vol. 63. № 1. P. 20.

20. Ibid., p. 21.

21. Ibid., pp. 22-23.

22. Ibid., p. 24.

23. Barry R. Posen. Op. cit., p. 8.

24. Stephen G. Brooks, H. Meijer. Europe Cannot Defend Itself: The Challenge of Pooling Military Power // Survival. February – March 2021. Vol. 63. № 1. P. 34.

25. Stephen G. Brooks, H. Meijer. Op. cit., p. 37.

26. Barry R. Posen. In Reply: To Repeat, Europe Can Defend Itself // February – March 2021. Vol. 63. № 1. P. 44-45.

27. Ibid., p. 43.

28. Barry R. Posen. Europe Can Defend Itself. Op. cit., p. 14.

29. Stephen G. Brooks, H. Meijer. Op. cit., p. 34.

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