- PII
- S0869-54150000392-4-1
- DOI
- 10.7868/S50000392-4-1
- Publication type
- Article
- Status
- Published
- Authors
- Volume/ Edition
- Volume / Issue 6
- Pages
- 80-91
- Abstract
- In a variety of Western European, Asian, and Russian historical sources, there are mentions of Kalmaks living to the east of the Volga and Yaik (Ural) rivers in the 14 th-16 th centuries. These mentions are quite terse, yet they testify to the fact that Kalmak nomads had been present in the steppe of Eastern Desht-i Kipchak long before the Oirat Kalmyk migrated from Mongolia and Dzungaria to the west. In these historical sources, Kalmaks are typically referred to as long-haired pagans. Comparing descriptions of appearances of Kalmyks and Tatars, Mongolian and Turkic peoples of the Medieval epoch, may lead one to assume that Kalmaks living in the Golden Horde territory were descendants of Mongols that had migrated to the Kazakh and Volga steppes in the Mongolian conquest period.
- Keywords
- Desht-i Kipchak, travel accounts, maps, 14th–16th centuries, Kalmak, Kalmyk, pagans, long hair
- Date of publication
- 19.10.2025
- Year of publication
- 2025
- Number of purchasers
- 1
- Views
- 647
RAS Social ScienceСоциологические исследования Sotsialogicheski issledovania
- ISSN (Print) 0132-1625
- ISSN (Online) 3034-6010
Long-Haired Kalmaks
Индексирование
Scopus
Crossref
Higher Attestation Commission
At the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Scientific Electronic Library